Rhodesian Politics in the 20th Century UDI and the Drive Towards Freedom free essay sample

Examination of Rhodesias one-sided statement of freedom under the administration of Ian Smith. This paper manages Rhodesian (advanced Zimbabwe) legislative issues in the twentieth century, explicitly that of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) and its philosophy. Issues, for example, the job of ZANU, Cecil Rhodes and the British intrusion, and the last one hundred years of Rhodesian history are thought of, especially concentrating on the countrys drive towards autonomy. Cecil Rhodes showdown with the Ndebele clan, African opposition gatherings and their job in battling for opportunity, and Rhodesias long history of British collusion are completely talked about as subjects that help to answer the creators proposal. The primary inquiry the creator attempts to answer is: Was Ian Smiths government acting in sincere goal while proclaiming illicit freedom from Britain? The way to opportunity and improvement in cutting edge Africa has been a long battle for the mainlands countries. We will compose a custom paper test on Rhodesian Politics in the twentieth Century: UDI and the Drive Towards Freedom or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Political dealings, fierce uprisings, and hostile to European freedom developments were totally utilized by various African nations at different occasions, contingent upon how troublesome accomplishing autonomy would be. For countries like Tanganyika, autonomy was acquired through less feverish methods; as this countrys essential patriot development (Tanganyika African National Union), drove by Julius Nyere, won a conclusive greater part in the 1958 British parliamentary political decision. TANUs triumph combined with the help they got from a few incredible white-pioneer legislators brought about freedom for this country, at last built around a reasonable and non-racial constitution.

Draft Essay Shiloh outline, body & Introduction of paragraph

Draft Shiloh plot, body and Introduction of passage - Essay Example To Leroy, he recognized that â€Å"the genuine inward activities of a marriage, as the vast majority of history, have gotten away him† (Mason 1). To Norma Jean, the visit to this authentic spot caused her to understand that there are still a great deal of things that she doesn't acknowledge with Leroy’s remaining at home. The brief and sudden shouting of Norma Jean’s goal to leave Leroy caused him to understand that there are such a significant number of things he despite everything doesn't think about Norma Jean. Recorded spots mix wistfulness where past occasions could frequent guests like upset apparitions. In the short story composed by Bobbie Ann Mason entitled â€Å"Shiloh†, the creator portrayed the occasions that happened between the principle characters, Leroy Moffitt and Norma Jean. When Leroy, a truck driver, met a mishap which made him weakened to continue his work, Norma Jean was accounted for to have changed in manners that was seen to be absolutely new to Leroy. Norma Jean’s mother, Mabel Beasley, who irregularly visits them in their home, had been arguing for them to go to Shiloh, Tennessee to visit the Civil War battleground (Mason). The visit to Shiloh gave the force to disclosures and acknowledge in both Leroy and Norma Jean’s life through encountering nostalgic minutes, as far as anyone knows actuated by Norma Jean’s mother; and the need to look all the more carefully into their lives as a wedded

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 2 Dont create duplicate applications COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 2 Dont create duplicate applications COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Updated: March 2016 This is the second entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with the Office of Admissions  and applying. Number 2 â€" Dont create duplicate applications It is bound to happen, you create an online application and somewhere along the line you are going to lose your username or password. Please do not follow the temptation to simply create a new application. Having multiple applications in the system can lead to problems with tracking documents. Our software provider has tools that will allow you to retrieve your username and password so do not create another account because you forgot your password. As an example of what can happen, perhaps you have one “active” application in the system and one that is “hibernating” (you lost the user name or password) and will never be used. Our office does not know which is the “real” application and this may lead to our office tracking different documents to different applications and therefore neither of the applications may reach complete status. Please contact technical support (see instructions on the application site) if you lose your username or password and do not succumb to the temptation to create a new application. There is one important footnote. In some cases SIPA does allow for applications to more than one program. In this case, applicants will want to create more than one application in the online system and inform our office that they are applying to two different programs by sending an email to sipa_admission@columbia.edu. Here are some important details. In examples 2 and 3 below, the same application system is used, but two separate applications must be created. An applicant may not apply to both the MIA and MPA program. An applicant may apply to either the MIA or the MPA and to any of the following programs: PEPM, PESP, MPA-DP, EMPA. Applicants can also apply to either the MIA or MPA and to any one of the international dual degree programs listed here: an MPA with the London School of Economics, an MPA with Sciences Po, an MPP with Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, an MPP with the Hertie School of Governance, and an MIA or MPA with FGV-EAESP in São Paolo. The dual degree MIA program with Sciences Po requires that an application be submitted only through the Sciences Po application site. If an applicant wishes to apply for the dual MIA degree with Sciences Po and to SIPA, that is fine and would require two applications: 1) one for the dual degree program through the Sciences Po Web site 2) One for the stand alone program at SIPA through our online system. For details on all of our international dual degree programs, visit our international dual-degree page. If any of this sounds confusing, I do not blame you â€" it can be a bit complex. If you have questions about our international dual degree programs our Office of Student Affairs can assist you at sipa_osa@columbia.edu. If applying to a Columbia University dual degree program, you must submit separate applications to each school. For a list of Columbia dual-degree programs click here. It is possible to create two applications in our system, but you should only do so if you are absolutely sure. This is one of those circumstances where it might make the most sense to contact our office if you do not feel you understand all of the details. You can reach us at sipa_admission@columbia.edu.

Hip Injury And Ulnar Collateral Ligament Essay - 909 Words

Introduction Hip injury and ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries among baseball players has become a high area in study (Cheatham, S. W., Kumagai Shimamura, K., Kolber, M. J., 2016). Athletes in the field of baseball may be at high risk for injury due to the high volume of repetitive motion in throwing and pitching because of comprehensive training schedules and games in the season. It is commonly believed that the presence of limited hip mobility, throwing biomechanics are changed and may lead to both hip and shoulder alteration. With both hip and shoulder mobility affected can result compromising throwing form in biomechanics and may force the core muscles (abdominals, shoulders, and upper extremities) to compromising and work even harder. More importantly, the range of motion (ROM) maybe conceding excessively which results increasing potential risk of future injuries. The individual’s biomechanics in pitching or throwing must be monitor for muscular-endurance, strength, or power fo r speed and numbers of repetition when contributing towards velocity. Studying a player’s mechanics especially their genetics of length and size plays a major role on the changes in their body and correlates the throwing velocity in fine coordination. Every pitch thrown is one of the most important factors in a baseball or softball game because the velocity can change the outcome of the game. Statement of the Problem Various exercise modes are used for baseball players throughout theShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Athletic Training?1401 Words   |  6 Pages02 10 15 Athletic Training Injuries will occur, no matter the sport. The type of injury to occur depends on the gender of the player. Often, when players become injured, they are in denial about the repercussions of their injury and usually have a loss in confidence. Repercussions can tragically be career ending, long term or luckily short term. Understanding the injury and it’s impact on a player is important, however, knowing how to prevent the injury is more important. Because of theirRead MoreTommy John Surgery771 Words   |  4 Pages 31 October 2012 Ms. ......... ENC 1101 Tommy John Surgery Snap, crackle, and pop. Those arent the sound of rice crispies in milk; it’s the sound a pitcher hears after tearing his ulnar collateral ligament. This injury used to be career ending but is now almost standard. This has saved countless dreams for many baseball players of not just playing baseball but to have complete function of their right arm. Today, sports fans and athletes hear theRead MoreTommy John Surgery : An Epidemic Of Professional Baseball Pitchers1427 Words   |  6 Pagessurgery, as well as recovery from the surgery to allow a player to return or even eclipse their abilities prior to their injury. Current/ongoing research on Tommy John surgery is focusing on the success of different surgical methods, rehabilitation techniques, and prevention/protection of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury. Tommy John surgery is also known as UCL (Ulnar Collateral Ligament) reconstruction. During the acceleration phase of an overhead throw while the forearm lags behind the upper arm theRead MoreStride or No Stride? the Biomechanics of Pitching. Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus in order to have an accurate pitch. The cocking portion of the delivery is when the front foot lands and the throwing hand and glove hand separates. The hands and arms are elevated to 90 degrees at the shoulder. Once the front foot lands, the hips and torso rotate which starts the arm to begin in its throwing motion. Cocking transfers energy from the legs up to the arm and the throwing process is beginning. The acceleration is from when the shoulder begins to rotate and it ends when the ballRead MoreHuman Anatomy P hysiology4151 Words   |  17 Pagesrole of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 253 7) The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 256 4 Copyright  © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 8) Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 266 9) A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the

Questions On Gender And Psychology - 1343 Words

Student No. : 8598886 Subject : PYB 054 Gender and Psychology Tutor : Ron Frey Due date : 11/05/16 Word count : Abstract It has been believed for decades that women generally tend to be more emotionally expressive than men. However, do this gender difference really exist between men and women? Many studies have found that this indeed is the case, however studies have also found that men can be more emotional than women too, depending on the type of emotion expressed. However, one emotion that women generally are thought to express more than men is sadness. The most common way seen to express sadness is by crying. There are numerous factors that can account for this difference in expressiveness however, this article will discuss what appears to be two of the most significant causation, which is biological and environmental, more specifically, the difference seen from an evolutionary perspective and a stereotypical perspective. The effect and significance of this difference will also be addressed and whether this difference should be annulled. Numerous studies on this topic of gender difference of emoti onal expression has been researched, with many of them concluding that women are indeed generally more emotional than men. However, there is also evidence that not all women are likely to be more emotional than men and that not all men are likely to be less emotional than women.Show MoreRelatedA Study Conducted By Anthony Venning And Associates1097 Words   |  5 Pages2015). A study conducted by Anthony Venning and associates suggested that an alarmingly small proportion of young Australians were ‘flourishing’ in life and that poorer states of mental health were associated with risk taking behaviour, varying by gender and age (Venning, Wilson, Kettler Eliott, 2012). Furthermore, suicide has been recorded as the leading underlying cause of death in Australians ages 15-24, accounting for more deaths than car accidents between the years 2009 and 2012 (Aihw.gov.auRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology Of Women1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: SELF-REFLECTION 1 Self-Reflection: Psychology of Women Critical Thinking Paper 1 Hillary Cohen University of Maryland SELF-REFLECTION 2 My name is Hillary Cohen and I identify as a Jewish straight American woman. I grew up in a Conservative community surrounded by people who were a little more and a little less religious than I was. While growing up, my parents always made sure to let me and my sisters know that we could do anythingRead MoreHow Cartoon Violence Effect The Youth As An Audience?853 Words   |  4 Pages12-4-15 Three-Part Research Project Part I: Research Question: How does cartoon violence effect the youth as an audience? Work Cited Coyne, Sarah M., and Emily Whitehead. Indirect Aggression In Animated Disney Films. Journal Of Communication 58.2 (2008): 382-395. Film Television Literature Index. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. Kirsh, Steven J., and Paul V. Olczak. Violent Comic Books And Perceptions Of Ambiguous Provocation Situations. Media Psychology 2.1 (2000): 47-62. Film Television Literature IndexRead MorePsychology Unit Two Notes : Research Methods1263 Words   |  6 PagesValentina Hernandez Mrs.Long AP Psychology P.1 August 21, 2016 AP Psychology Unit Two Notes – Research Methods 1. Although intuition plays a role on what we believe to be true, it can not always be trusted. Hindsight bias and overconfidence are part of this intuition that is unreliable. Hindsight bias is when someone believes that they knew the outcome of something all along only after learning the outcome. Overconfidence is when someone thinks they know more than they really do. An example ofRead MoreJoe Marelli. Psy 230 ¬Ã‚ ¬ - Spring 2017 - Paper Assignment,1004 Words   |  5 PagesMenstruation on Attitudes Towards Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 131–139. Research Question. This article sought to explore the societal relationship between women’s natural attachment to nature (by way of their reproductive characteristics) and its effect on not only others perception of them, but also the individual’s self-perception. The main hypothesis proposed in this study is directional. Furthermore, it questions if when either gender is prompted by something that reminds themRead MoreThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud And Alfred Adler999 Words   |  4 Pagesof the major principles of personality theories to include lifespan personality changes, gender and culture. The last section will be a personal opinion, why and conclusion of the theories how it can be conceptualized regarding my own family situation. History Over the years every time you hear the Sigmund Freud you will hear Alfred Adler. Freud and Adler are two of the big contributors in today psychology world. They set the foundation for future generations of psychologist studies. Freud wasRead MoreThe Negative Stereotypes Of A Child s Interaction With Barbie855 Words   |  4 Pageson many other similar areas of interest. It also helped to further understand how a Barbie could possibly influence a negative stereotypical gender belief, aid in unrealistic body image development, and help keep girls oppressed. I was happily surprised with the outcome, but still pessimistic about the chances of their actions matching their words. I question if the parents will truly give a valid effort to change their child’s interaction with Barbie. It is unwise for me not think that some of theRead MoreStanley Milgram1172 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Programmatic Assessment: Exploring a Classic Study in Social Psychology Daryl Bonelli Psych/620 January 25th, 2016 Colleen Story Individual Programmatic Assessment: Exploring a Classic Study in Social Psychology Introduction Norman Chomsky once wrote â€Å"I think it only makes sense to seek out and identify structures of authority, hierarchy, and domination in every aspect of life, and to challenge them; unless a justification for them can be given, they are illegitimate, andRead MoreHow Men and Women Are Perceived According to Their Gender844 Words   |  3 PagesIn todays western world societal differences occur based on ones gender and have been shaped over hundreds of years and have shown what is deemed acceptable for one gender is not always acceptable for the other. Our society is based on a gender social structure and what is appropriate for an individual. Promiscuous behavior and active sexual expression ranges from whats expected of an individual and can change based on their gender, age and socio-economic status. The evolutionary theories explainRead MoreThai Culture and My Career Choice to Study Gender-Based Stereotypes1035 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"What do you want to be when you grow u p?† This may be a typical parent-to-child question for many families, but not for mine. Growing up in Thai culture, I have noticed a common role of women in my society. Most of my female family members are housewives and that is what I’m expected to be when I grow up as well. But I had bigger aspirations than that – I wanted to find a profession in which I, as a Thai woman, can gain respect and appreciation of people in my culture just as men can, and also gain

Neighbourhood watch research study Free Essays

Aim of study: Lethbridge, a small suburb has implemented a small neighborhood watch program. The study aims at examining the impact of the program on volumes of complaints about victimization, fear of crime, and deviant behavior or unsociable acts such as graffiti or disorderly behavior that cause annoyance in the local neighborhood Scope of Research study: The research study on Neighborhood watch will proceed along the following steps. Prompt attention to problems of the study. We will write a custom essay sample on Neighbourhood watch research study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Personal contact with community leaders and police executives involved in study Data collection by survey, observation, inspection and examination Informal interviews with local residents Drafting questionnaire and schedules Pre-testing questionnaires and schedules Examination of results of pre-tests to detect and eliminate inconsistencies Drafting revised final questionnaires Outlining field interviews Analyzing collected data Drafting of final report Source of research design: This research design has been inspired by the Design used by Samuel Stouffer in his studies of the American Soldier. It is a routine design, which is at once practical for applied research as well as rigorous to scientific prescription. Progress of research- The problem under research was identified- whether the Neighborhood watch program has led to a decline in complaints of victimization and fear of crime, unsocial acts and suspicious behavior that may cause annoyance or alarm to the local residents. A systematic analysis of the problems involved study of crime figures and public perceptions of the sense of security before and after commencement of the program, evaluating the extent and application of community mobilization and sensitization, checking of documentation relating to actual implementation, assessment of the quality of collaboration among local residents and the integration of the beat police into the program. Neighborhood watch being one of the acknowledged strategies in community policing, the study would also consider if crime prevention and other objectives of the program could have been better achieved if neighborhood watch was combined with other strategies commonly adopted in the community policing paradigm. To make the study academically meaningful and empirically sound, community leaders and beat officers were interviewed to elicit important information like public perception of the sense of security in the local neighborhood and to collect figures of reported crime as well as victimization before and after program, extent of community participation, nature of crime prevention strategies such as target hardening by means of physical measures as well as by community mobilization to promote social cohesion, the employment of other location specific tactics if any etc Collection of Data on the fear of crime including a) complaints on crime, suspicious activities reported, deviant behavior b) Any Increase/decrease in complaints over a period d) No of people enrolled neighborhood watch scheme e) Partnerships with other resident associations Informal interview with people concerned- Interview with citizens will unfold information on the motivation, efficacy and success of the Neighborhood watch program. Particular emphasis on whether collaborative efforts to promote safety in the neighborhood has lead also to a sense of ownership of the neighborhood by all individual residents and the creation of a community of interests despite the heterogeneous nature of the community.   Also how community mobilization and cooperative crime prevention efforts promote social cohesion, which in turn brings about understanding local problems that ultimately lead to crime. A Questionnaire and Schedule can be designed and distributed in each target home. It will contain questions on fear of crime, the level of security enjoyed by them, on their awareness of psychological or other criminogenic factors that contribute to crime, deviance or antisocial tendencies among the young, shared values on the objectives and methodology of community crime prevention, perceptions on problems that confront the Neighboutrhood Watch program, any areas that need reform and community evaluation of the success of the program A pre-testing drive of questionnaires and schedules can be undertaken. The results of the Pretest can be examined and scrutinized to check for inconsistencies or errors. A thoroughly revised and final questionnaire can be devised and distributed. Results of field interviews may be outlined. Collected Data maybe analyzed. A final report is presented. The results should indicate positive impact of Neighborhood watch programs on reducing crime and the fear of crime in this area. Theoretical background of the Study: a) Effective crime prevention is achieved not by policing alone, but through the cooperative effort of the community based on a mature understanding of the causative factors of crime. The community in this context is the local neighborhood that has a commonality of interests in prevention of crime and in enhancing the sense of security of all local residents. If the community is properly mobilized and educated, it can evolve joint and collaborative strategies that can break the crime triangle- the victim, the offender and the location- at a suitable point. Neighborhood watch is one such strategy. b) The Study assumes that the best way to enlist Community collaboration in reducing crime is through two means-1) Physical Means- This is called as Target Hardening in which each home is assessed for its vulnerability to victimization and measures are designed to deter the offender from gaining easy access to the potential victim. This can be most effectively attempted at the stage of planning construction and if this has not been possible, then through suitable modification of existing structure. Target hardening can be more effective if, in addition to physical restructuring, the immediate neighbors undertake to keep a watch on the potential victim’s premises and access points in order to detect and report any suspicious activity to the police promptly. c) The Study further proceeds on the less obvious assumption hat that target hardening through physical measures can be most effectively supplemented by eliminating alienation and anonymity in the local neighborhood by means of community mobilization and social cohesion. This is because when local residents come together in a spirit of fraternity and mutual support, they are able to see more clearly criminogenic factors, whether on account of deviation or neighborhood decline and disorder. It is then possible to identify local problems of petty annoyance or disorderly behavior that when neglected ultimately lead to crime and to devise effective strategies to find suitable solutions through a process of constant consultation and consensus. d) The Study also assumes that today the idea gaining currency is that prevention of crime-especially crime involving neighborhoods is a responsibility that must be shared by the Police as well as the citizens in a spirit of partnership. The police has traditionally promoted the idea that they are exclusively responsible for crime control and that the community has no role whatever in the matter. The community on its part seldom understands or appreciates that factors that cause crime such as poverty or psychological aberration is beyond the capacity of the police to control. As a result crime prevention strategies in the past placed too much reliance on the police agency as crime fighters. Sociological research and field experiments conducted in the USA during the 1970s clearly brought out the fact that an increase in police presence hardly ever led to a decline in crime; stringent enforcement at best led to displacement. On the other hand, foot patrol, which brought the police and the community closer, did in fact have a positive impact in reducing crime and the fear of crime in the community. Neighborhood watch as an effective crime prevention strategy evolved from the important realization that the police alone cannot solve the problems of crime and disorder and that the community is the best resource for controlling crime. The community policing philosophy that has changed the profile of policing in many democratic countries has emerged from this realization of the role of community participation in policing efforts and its partnership with the police in identifying local problems that lead to crime and in devising effective solutions for local problems. e) The Study also takes note of the fact that field experiments conducted in many States and cities in the USA demonstrate that not only police effectiveness in controlling crime is enhanced by community policing strategies such as neighborhood watch, they also help the police to earn legitimacy from the community, that is qualitatively different from legitimacy accorded by law alone. The police also therefore stand to gain such strategies of crime prevention undertaken in partnership with the community. Findings and recommendations:   For crime control society has traditionally relied on formal police organizations and their time-honored practices of deterrence such as random patrol, fast response, strong armed enforcement represented by terms such as zero tolerance and investigation and prosecution of offenders. But police ineffectiveness and police inadequacy in dealing with crime have been sufficiently well documented. Community policing that has replaced the traditional enforcement style of policing is based on the assumption that the police need to develop positive relations with the community, involve the community in the quest for crime control and crime prevention and further pool their resources with those of the community to address the most pressing concerns of its members. The police strategy is adapted to fit the needs of particular neighborhoods and neighborhood watch happens to be one that suits most communities, once they have been properly mobilized and educated. The Study has been based on the assumptions of the community policing paradigm and has relied upon the responses of members of the community which is the local neighborhood in this case and empirical data collected through official police sources to develop a reliable understanding of the impact of neighborhood watch on important concerns of the community such as crime and the fear of crime and victimization, neighborhood decline and disorder and the lack of social cohesion that results from a fear of crime and distrust of others. Though the program alone will not be capable of eliminating crime and disorder entirely by itself, the Study amply demonstrates that in combination with other strategies of community policing it can go a long way in reducing crime and the fear of crime and additionally bring about greater social cohesion. The Study however shows that there are certain minimum conditions for mobilizing a local neighborhood for effective participation and collaboration in crime prevention work. First of all, people must understand the need to cooperate is vital from the point of common security. People must also come to believe that there are solutions to the problems of insecurity that they confront each day and solutions must be such that they can comprehend. People must also be able to develop faith in the efficacy of the new method. These are conditions that are not easy to fulfill, but if the proper police leadership takes up the challenge of mobilizing and educating the community, it should not be too difficult a task as several experiments have shown in many parts of the world. Neighborhood watch is moreover a very visible and demonstrable strategy that can earn trust and credibility if it is properly managed. The Study therefore shows that neighborhood watch is a program full of potential and promise if motivated leadership of the police and the local community initiates it REFERENCES- 1.Bucqueroux and Trojanowicz 1990 â€Å"Community Policing- A contemporary perspective† Anderson publishing Co. Cincinnati. 2. Bayley, David H.1998   â€Å" What works in Policing† Oxford University Press 3.FriedMann, Robert.R 1992   â€Å"Community Policing† Harvester wheat Sheaf. 4. Goldstein H.1977 â€Å" Policing a Free society â€Å" Ballinger publishing. 5. Manning K.1978† Policing- A view from the Street†- Goodyear Publishing co. 6.Rosenbaum Dennis P.1994 â€Å" The Challenge of community Policing† Sage.                         How to cite Neighbourhood watch research study, Essays

Ethics and Conducting Disciplinary Proceedings †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Conducting Disciplinary Proceedings. Answer: Introduction: In the video, a situation has been presented where the Project Director of a software development company receives a call from the CEO of the company regarding the release of the Willies software. In the video, the CEO of the concerned company orders the project director to launch the Willies software a month early. A conversation is presented between the project director and the project manager. The project manager is approached with the idea of the CEO. The demand is to launch the Willies software early without the encryption portion. Hearing this proposal, the project manager states that launching the software on time will be difficult to manage and let alone the early release. The project manager feels extremely skeptical about the early launch proposal as he states that encryption is a crucial portion of the software and to release the software without that feature would prove to be harmful. The project director tries to convince the project manager that he and his team will be paid bonus handsomely if he agrees with the proposal and that the encryption part can be added to the software using updates ("Scenario 3: Early Launch", 2017). Therefore, in this video, the ethically questionable situation or activity is that the project director is pressurized to launch the software early without it being fully functional.The project manager is forced to agree to the proposal when he knows that the encryption part is extremely vital. The project manager faces an ethical dilemma as he fails to figure out whether he should turn down the proposal or should command junior developers to agree with the early launch of the software. This is completely an Information Technology related ethical issue because the early launch of the software compromises with the security features as it will not contain the encryption feature. This can result in security holes in the software making it vulnerable to hackers. This early launch proposal is already in breach of ethical conducts such as honesty and public interests (Myers Venable, 2014). Lacking encryption features will comprise the security of its users, which is not an ethical decision by a software firm. People who are responsible for raising the ethical problems are the management authority of the company. The financial state of the company has been compromised and to manage that situation, the CEO is pressurizing the managers to launch the software early without proper validated developments. The CEO has convinced the project director to command the early launch of the software and this raises the ultimate problem. The early launch of the software has pressurized the software development team as developing the software on the planned date has been known to be a difficult task. The encryption portion has not been developed and the a few other modules of the software are yet to be integrated and hence, testing process will fall behind the planned date. Therefore, these ethical issues have blatantly affected the development team and the project manager. The main problem that caused the crisis is the financial problem. The management authority of the company should have identified the possibility of the financial problem and should have provided a forecast to manage the financial crisis without taking an unethical step (Stahl et al., 2014). Review of budget could help in managing operational costs of the company. If the company is suffering from a sudden financial crisis then the company could have taken loan to avert the crisis. Prediction of the financial problem is the best way to manage such crisis as the financial problems do not arise overnight in a company. The action taken by the project manager was an ethical one. The project manager tried to convince the director that without the encryption feature in the software, it will be vulnerable to all the available cyber threats. Releasing an update will take a few months and till that specified timeline, the users will have to use the software which has no security features at all. In this way, the sensitive information shared by the users will be exposed to the world wide web, which will in the long run will damage the reputation of the firm. The company is basically trying to handle its financial problems by taking shortcuts. However, releasing software with no security will jeopardize the future of the company. The project manager does his best to make the project director understand the seriousness of the situation and the director heeds his words. The project director sees his point and agrees to talk to the higher authority. As the consequence, the project director makes a call to the higher authority stating about the concern of the project manager. He explains that release of the software a month early will only compromise the future of the company and the authority agrees to convince the CEO to launch the software on the previously allocated timeline. The firm is obviously going through some financial crisis and hence, the CEO of the company has decided to launch the software early to manage the financial problem. Apart from launching the software early, there can be another way to solve the problem (Burmeister et al., 2014). Launching in early will jeopardize the reputation and future of the company; however, it will be better if the company takes a loan to avert the short-term crisis. This will not comprise the development of the software and no unethical issue will be faced by the company. Upon the timely release of the software, the company will be able to repay the bank in time. The project director should take the best action because the director has been pressurized by the CEO for the early release of the software. This in turn will lead to bribe the development team unprofessionally (Carvalho, Polidoro Magalhes, 2016). It is the responsibility of the project director to understand the developmental crisis of the software and what unethical treatment the team is facing. Therefore, the project director should understand and talk to the top level management authorities to cancel the early launch of the software. The best action which is the project manager cancelling the proposal of early release of the software. The decision of launching the project in time will provide the appropriate amount of time required to efficiently complete the development and testing of the software. It will also manage the cost as timely release of the software will help in proper development of all the modules and cost estimation of the overall integrated software will be easy (Miloradova Ishkov, 2015).. Launching the software within the predetermined timeline will surely provide enough time for testing and troubleshooting of the software modules and thus will ultimately assure quality of the software. Timely release will contain the encryption feature and hence, no important features will be compromised leaving the quality intact. A software has features enabling it to exchange data over the internet. Internet is vulnerable to various cyber threats such as phishing, worms, viruses, Torjan Horse etc. and hacking of data is extremely common. Users may utilize data exchange feature to exchange various forms of data. To facilitate a safe exchange of data, a security mechanism is required. When a data is sent through the internet medium, every bit of the data needs to be protected and to protect the bits, a process called Encryption is required. Encryption is a process that can employ specific algorithms to hide the original data bits produced by the software and a respective decryption method is required to decrypt the encrypted data (Bannister Connolly, 2014). This encryption solely serves the security purpose of the users. However, in the video, it has been presented that the software will be released early without the development of the encryption feature. This will jeopardize the bulk of information shared us ing the software and this will endanger the biggest stakeholders of the project which are the users. (Vidli?ka,Lang Maravelski, 2016). Therefore, through the best action, the user data will not be compromised and all the sensitive information exchange will be safe. References: Bannister, F., Connolly, R. (2014). ICT, public values and transformative government: A framework and programme for research. Government Information Quarterly, 31(1), 119-128. Burmeister, O., Al-Saggaf, Y., Schwartz, M., Johnson, L. (2014). Internet resources to help Australian ICT professionals identify and solve ethical challenges. ACIS. Carvalho, V. S., Polidoro, M. J., Magalhes, J. P. (2016, April). OwlSight: Platform for Real-Time Detection and Visualization of Cyber Threats. In Big Data Security on Cloud (BigDataSecurity), IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing (HPSC), and IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security (IDS), 2016 IEEE 2nd International Conference on (pp. 61-66). IEEE. Miloradova, N., Ishkov, A. (2015). Environmental ethics as a social, professional and personal value of the students of civil engineering university. Procedia Engineering, 117, 246-251. Myers, M. D., Venable, J. R. (2014). A set of ethical principles for design science research in information systems. Information Management, 51(6), 801-809. Scenario 3: Early Launch. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5M7ohdZ6qA Stahl, B. C., Eden, G., Jirotka, M., Coeckelbergh, M. (2014). From computer ethics to responsible research and innovation in ICT: The transition of reference discourses informing ethics-related research in information systems. Information Management, 51(6), 810-818. Vidli?ka, S. R., Lang, I. G., Maravelski, A. (2016). Regulating breaches of professional ethics and conducting disciplinary proceedings against physicians in Europe (Chapter 33). Compendium on European Health Law (book), Buijsen, Martin; RoscamAbbing, Henriette; den Exter, Andre (eds.), Maklu, Netherlands.